What Is an Incomplete Grade?
An incomplete grade, usually shown as an I on a transcript, is a temporary grade given when a student has completed most of a course but cannot finish the remaining work by the end of the term because of circumstances beyond their control, such as illness, injury, family emergency or a documented hardship. It gives extra time to complete the course without receiving a failing grade.
How it works
Rules vary by institution. Typically:
- You request an incomplete from the instructor before the end of term, explaining the reason and, if possible, providing documentation.
- The instructor decides. Many require that you have completed a substantial portion of the work and be passing at the time.
- You agree in writing on what must be completed and a deadline.
- You finish the work and the instructor submits a final grade, which replaces the I.
- If you miss the deadline, the I may convert automatically to a grade, often an F or the grade you would have earned with zeros for the missing work.
Deadlines range from a few weeks to a full year, depending on the college, and some institutions allow extensions with approval.
When to ask
An incomplete is not meant for students who are simply behind or who want more time. It is intended for specific, unexpected circumstances. If your problem is workload or understanding, other options such as withdrawal, tutoring or accommodations may be better.
Effects to consider
- Financial aid: the course may not count as completed, which can affect progress rules and enrollment status.
- Academic standing: an incomplete does not count in your GPA until resolved, though it may affect honors or progression.
- Prerequisites: you may not be able to enroll in the next course in a sequence until the grade is final.
- Graduation: an unresolved incomplete can delay graduation.
Tips
Put the agreement in writing, keep in touch with the instructor and finish early. Check what happens to your grade if you do not finish, and tell your advisor.
Related terms
See withdrawal, grade point, satisfactory academic progress, academic standing and credit/no credit.
Frequently asked questions
How do I get an incomplete grade?
Ask your instructor before the end of the term, with a documented reason such as illness or a family emergency. Both of you usually sign an agreement listing the work and deadline.
How long do I have to finish an incomplete?
Policies vary, often until the end of the next term or up to a year. If the work is not completed, the I may turn into an F or another default grade.
Does an incomplete affect financial aid?
It can, since the course may not count as completed for progress and enrollment rules. Talk to the financial aid office.