What Is a Practicum?
A practicum is a supervised experience in a real workplace, completed as part of a degree program, where students apply what they have learned in class. It is common in education, nursing and health professions, counseling, social work, public health and some business programs. The word comes from the idea of practice, and the emphasis is on learning under guidance.
How a practicum works
Programs set requirements for a practicum, such as the number of hours, the types of setting and the skills to demonstrate. You are placed, or find a placement from an approved list, with an organization such as a school, hospital, clinic, agency or company. A site supervisor guides your work, and a faculty member oversees your learning and assigns coursework such as reflections, logs and reports.
At the end you are assessed on your performance and written work, and you earn credit toward your degree. In regulated professions, practicum hours may also count toward licensure.
Practicum versus internship
The terms overlap. In general, a practicum is a required, closely supervised part of an academic program with set learning goals, and often earlier or shorter than an internship. An internship is often more employer-driven, may be optional and sometimes paid. Clinical placements, student teaching and field placements are related forms.
Preparing for one
- Read the requirements for hours, documentation and deadlines.
- Complete prerequisites, such as coursework, background checks, health clearances or training.
- Plan your schedule and transport, since placements may require weekday hours.
- Set learning goals with your supervisor.
- Keep a log of hours and activities.
- Reflect regularly on what you have learned.
Making the most of it
Treat it like a job: be punctual, professional and curious. Ask for feedback, and build relationships, since supervisors can become references or employers. Respect confidentiality, especially in health and education settings.
Related terms
See service learning, capstone, placement year and lab section.
Frequently asked questions
Is a practicum paid?
Often not, since it is a credit-bearing part of a program, though some are paid or come with a stipend. Ask the program about costs, hours and any transport or insurance requirements.
How is a practicum different from an internship?
A practicum is usually a required, supervised part of a degree with set learning goals and hours. Internships can be optional and are often employer-led, though the terms overlap.
How many hours does a practicum take?
It depends on the field. Teaching, nursing, counseling and social work programs often specify a minimum number of supervised hours, which the program will list.