What Is Title IX?
Title IX is part of the Education Amendments of 1972, a US federal law that states that no person shall be excluded from participation in, denied the benefits of or subjected to discrimination on the basis of sex in any education program or activity that receives federal financial assistance. It applies to nearly all colleges and universities, and to many schools and other education programs.
What it covers
- Sexual harassment and sexual violence, including sexual assault, dating violence, domestic violence and stalking.
- Equal access to education, such as admissions, financial aid, courses and housing, without discrimination based on sex.
- Athletics: equal opportunities to participate, and fair treatment in scholarships, facilities and coaching.
- Pregnancy and parenting: schools must not discriminate and must provide reasonable accommodations.
- Gender-based discrimination, with details that have been shaped by regulations, court decisions and guidance.
- Retaliation: punishing people for reporting or taking part in an investigation.
Rules and interpretations have changed as administrations updated regulations, so check the current policy of your school and federal guidance.
What schools must do
Schools must designate a Title IX coordinator, publish a non-discrimination policy and procedures for complaints, respond promptly to reports and take steps to stop discrimination, prevent recurrence and address its effects. They must offer supportive measures, such as changes to housing or class schedules, no-contact directives, counseling and academic adjustments, with or without a formal complaint.
How to report
You can contact the Title IX coordinator, campus security or police, a trusted staff member or an online reporting form. Reports may start an investigation, depending on the circumstances and your wishes. Some employees must share information with the Title IX office. Confidential resources, such as counselors, medical professionals and some advocates, can talk with you without making a report.
The process
Colleges usually offer informal resolution in some cases and a formal grievance process in others, with notice to both parties, an investigation, a hearing or decision-maker and an appeal. Both sides have rights, including to present evidence and have an advisor. The process and standards of evidence are set by regulation and policy.
Support and rights
You have the right to be free from retaliation, to receive support and to file a complaint with the federal Office for Civil Rights. You may also have the right to report to law enforcement. Support services include counseling, health care, victim advocates and legal aid.
Related terms
See honor code, ombudsperson, resident assistant, NCAA and varsity.
Frequently asked questions
What does Title IX cover?
Sex-based discrimination in education programs and activities, including sexual harassment and assault, unequal treatment in athletics, and discrimination related to pregnancy. Regulations and guidance have changed over time.
How do I report a Title IX concern?
Contact your school's Title IX coordinator, who is listed on the college website. You can also report to campus security, police or the federal Office for Civil Rights.
Is it confidential to talk to a Title IX office?
Title IX staff must follow procedures that may limit confidentiality. Counselors, health staff and some advocates can offer confidential support. Ask about confidentiality before sharing details.